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conversation怎么记住（conversation怎样记）
发布时间：2023-03-12 20:38:44
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创意岭 阅读：
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问大家
大家好！今天让创意岭的小编来大家介绍下关于conversation怎么记住的问题，以下是小编对此问题的归纳整理，让我们一起来看看吧。
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本文目录:
一、初次见面的英语会话
对于第一次见面的人，一般都会先了解对方的名字再进行会话。下面是我给大家整理的初次见面的英语会话，供大家参阅!
初次见面英语对话
1.1. “How are you doing today, miss?”
“小姐，今天过得怎么样?”
A genuine hello accompanied by a heartwarming, three second smile is one of the most basic, highly effective ice breakers there is.
一句真诚的问候搭配上一个温暖的三秒钟微笑是最基本也最有用的开场白。
Think about the people who say “good morning” or “howdy” to their neighbors. This simple greeting is usually followed up with “how are you” or “how are the kids?” Before long, the two parties are talking about their families and even favorite sports teams.
想想那些对邻居说“早上好”或者“你好”的人。这种简单的问候通常会得到“你好吗”或者“孩子们好吗”作为回应。很快，双方就开始谈论他们的家庭甚至最喜欢的球队了。
2. “Nice earrings!”
“你的耳环真漂亮!”
This comment represents a classic technique that is quite effective for starting a conversation. Regardless of whom you are talking to, saying something genuinely nice about their outfit, accessories or even mood will usually be received well.
这句评价代表了开场白中十分有用的一种经典技巧。不论你在和谁聊天，真诚地赞美一下他们的着装、配饰、甚至是心情，对方通常会很乐意接受。
The person receiving the compliment will thank you and possibly say something nice about you in return. In doing this, a dialogue begins. Keep the dialogue going by asking a question like “Where did you buy the earrings? I really like them.”
接受你赞美的人会向你表示感谢，可能还会对你说一些赞美的话作为回报。这样一来，一场对话就开始了。想要继续对话，可以问这样的问题，比如“你的耳环在哪里买的?我非常喜欢。”
3. “Does this shop always have such long queues?”
“这家商店门口总是要排这么长的队吗?”
By focusing on an unpleasant situation that you both find yourselves in and subtly complaining about it, you cleverly suck the other person into an unwitting pact that unites both of you against a common enemy.
关注某个你们共同身处的不愉快的场景并且不经意地抱怨，你就巧妙地把对方和自己拉到了一条阵线上，对抗一个共同的敌人。
4. “Chicago really is the windy city!”
“芝加哥确实是风之城啊!”
Yes. Talk about the weather. It may sound clichéd, but it works wonders in real life. People talk about the weather all the time—It’s a topic everyone has an opinion on. Think of how you have an opinion about what dress or fashion choice is right for different weather.
没错，谈论天气。听上去也许有点老套，但在现实中确实管用。人们总是在谈论天气——这是一个人人都可以发表观点的话题。你可以想想对于不同天气该如何穿衣搭配的观点。
Once the person responds, you can ease into the conversation with “small talk” like, “The wind is so strong; it nearly blew me over!”
一旦对方做出回应，你就可以很容易把谈话继续下去，比如“风太大了，就快把我吹跑了!”
5. “Oh, did you hear about…”
“你听没听说……”
Kick-start a conversation with a description of an interesting, entertaining and/or funny story.
描述一个有趣的、娱乐性的或者搞笑的 故事 作为开场白。
If your story is interesting enough, there really is no telling where it could take the ensuing dialogue and for how long you could stretch the conversation once your new friend gets on board.
如果你的故事足够有趣，就没必要担心你们的对话该如何继续或者继续多久了，只要你的新朋友被你的故事吸引就行。
6. “What kind of drink is that?
“你喝的是什么?”
People love eating and drinking.
人们喜欢吃吃喝喝。
When she replies, follow up with something like “Do you really like it?” or ” Can I buy you another?” Introduce yourself and don’t forget to flash your best charming smile.
如果她回答你了，可以继续问“你真的喜欢吗?”或者“我能再请你喝一杯吗?” 自我介绍 一下，别忘了展现你最迷人的微笑。
7. “That’s a lovely name; are you named after someone?”
“这个名字真好听， 是以某个人命名的吗?”
This works especially well in a workplace setting, business meeting or conference where people are wearing name tags. If she has an interesting name, walk up to her and say something like “Camille, lovely name. What’s the origin of the name?”
这句开场白尤其适用于工作场所、商务会议之类人们带着姓名胸牌的场合。如果她的名字很有意思，走上去对她说“卡米尔，可爱的名字，它的来历是什么呢?”
8. “Hello, do you work here?”
“你好，你在这里工作吗?”
This also works well at a workplace or business setting where people are wearing name tags. Even if you know the answer, ask whether he works there anyway.
这句同样适用于人们佩戴姓名胸牌的工作场所或商务场合。即使你知道答案，也要问问他是否在这里工作。
Follow up with related questions like “What do you do here?” “Have you been working here a long time?” “Do you like it here?” “What’s your favorite/worst part of your job?
接下来可以问一些相关的问题，比如“你在这里做什么工作?”“你在这里工作很久了吗?”“你喜欢这里吗?”“你最喜欢/最不喜欢这份工作哪一点?”
9. “People call me David, but you can call me TONIGHT.”
“人们叫我大卫，不过你今晚可以给我打电话。”
Okay, telling a joke is easier said than done. Jokes can be tricky, but they’re some of the best conversations starters you can throw at someone new. They help the other person see a witty, fun and likeable side of your personality.
确实，讲笑话说起来容易做起来难。讲笑话并不容易，但是和某人初次见面时，笑话是最好的开场白。它可以让对方看到你性格当中幽默、有趣、可爱的一面。
That said, unless you’re really confident about your joke-telling skills, it’s probably a good idea to avoid them or start with a self-deprecating joke. You can’t possibly offend yourself, can you?
虽然如此，除非你对自己讲笑话的技巧非常自信，否则最好还是不要讲，尤其是自我贬低型的笑话。你不太能冒犯自己吧，对吗?
10. “Excuse me, I just thought I should come over and talk to you.”
“打扰一下，我觉得我应该过来跟你聊聊。”
Sometimes the best and most fun ice breaker is honesty.
有时候最好也最有趣的开场白就是大实话。
Honesty really can be the best policy. Who doesn’t love a refreshing bout of honesty, anyway?
诚实确实是最佳法则。无论如何，谁不喜欢让人振奋的诚实出击呢?
2.跟外国人初次见面，该怎么样作开场白呢?怎么样回答对方的问候呢?怎么样能够顺利地继续话题呢?记住下面这些社交小技巧，帮你顺利和老外沟通~
初次见面的外国人跟你说了句"How do you do", 估计多数人都会美滋滋地搬出学校教的那套，回敬一句"How do you do"。可英美人士却觉得你的回答有点买帽子当鞋穿--不对头。因为他们会觉得对话似乎没有得到回应，好像你并不高兴见到他一样。所以，当别人说"How do you do"的时候，你最好改答"Nice to meet you"或者"It's a pleasure to meet you"。
怎么样，是不是觉得上面的小技巧还有点用处?那么，你知道怎么掌控好一个初次见面的开场白吗?还有谁先开口，说什么，怎样继续话题?要不要握手呢?别着急，我现在就告诉大家一些社交小技巧。它们可以让你在不同的场合游刃有余，沟通无极限。
初次见面的英语对话
1.Welcome to China! Welcome to our city!
欢迎到中国来!欢迎到我们的城市来!
2.I hope you’re enjoying your stay here.
希望你在这里过得愉快。
3.How long have you been in China?
你在中国多长时间了?
4.Is this your first trip to China?
这是你第一次来中国吗?
5.Are you here on business or for pleasure?
你来这里是出差还是游玩?
6.There are many interesting places here. I’d like to show you around.
这儿有很多有趣的地方，我愿意带你去看一看。
7.Please let me know if you need any help.
如果需要帮助，请告诉我。
8.What’s your impression of China so far?
你对中国有印象如何?
9.Are you used to the life here? Does the weather agree with you?
你习惯这里的生活吗?你适应这里的气候吗?
10.How do you like Chinese food? Are you used to the food here? Does the food here agree with you?
你觉得中国菜如何?你习惯这里的食物吗?这里的食物合你口味吗?
初次见面英语小对话
JAKE: Hi! My name is Jake. We haven't met before, have we??
DEBBIE: No, we haven't! My name is Debbie.?
JAKE: Nice to meet you, Debbie!?
DEBBIE: Nice to meet you, too, Jake.?
JAKE: Are you a new student??
DEBBIE: Yes, I am. What about you??
JAKE: Yeah, me too!?
JAKE: What're you studying here??
DEBBIE: Journalism. I want to be a journalist. What about you??
JAKE: I'm doing law. But I'm thinking of doing business studies instead.?
DEBBIE: Do they allow you to change??
二、怎样快速记音标？
音标：英语的注音符号，即英语的拼音。 （1）元音（20）：发音时气流不受口腔任何部位的阻碍。声带振动。英语中重要的音。（2）辅音（28） ：发音时气流受口腔某个部位的阻碍。声带振动的叫浊辅音，声带不振动的叫清辅音。英语中次要的音。
Aa —[eI] P73
Babe lake sake bake make fake shake rake take stake (桩)landscape escape grape tape cape gape rape (油菜) shape scrape (擦掉) jape(说笑话) Trace grace Late fate mate（classmate playmate teamate roommate ）gate date plate hate skate state fade jade lade (装船)made shade (阴凉处) spade trade came tame shame same dame game lame fame name cane plane lane mane ( 马鬃 )crane wane（月亏） Ale （艾尔酒）dale（谷） gale pale stale （不新鲜的） Able table fable cable stable cave save wave Dave gave pave rave （胡言乱语）
Ay---[eI]— Day bay may lay play pay say way ray slay (杀死）clay(粘土) flay (剥皮)relay always
Eight weigh weight sleigh （雪橇）
rain gain lain (lie 的过去分词) faint pain saint (圣人）paint Cain main vain（徒劳） slain（slay 的过去分词） fail nail tail mail pail rail jail bail (保释金) hail (高呼、冰雹) wail sail snail stain (玷污) strain raid (突然袭击) maid （少女）afraid paid
No pains ,no gains .
Haste makes waste.
Pp—[p][i:]
Cc—[s][i: ]
Dd—[d] [i: ] Tt---[t ][i: ]
Vv —[v][ i :] [f][v] “唇齿相依” P23
Bb—-[b][i: ]
He she we me be these Pete
ee---[ i: ] Bee see meet feet heel peel feel reel (卷轴) keen spleen (脾) speech feed
deed indeed gee keen queen screen agree Need feed breed greed speed seed succeed proceed exceed heed cheek geek（杂耍演员）leek sleek (光滑的)meek (温顺的)peek （偷看） reek (臭气)creek(小河) Greek week keep sleep weep beep sheep jeep between
ea---[ i: ]Sea beat meat eat seat feat heat neat cheap cheat (质量低劣的东西都cheat)seal steal defeat peat (泥炭) repeat treat wheat overeat pea clean lean leaf mean bean breach preach beach reach teach mead （蜂蜜酒）bead （念珠）sneak (偷偷摸摸地行动) sneakers (运动鞋) cream
Thief piece niece relieve
Please keep these streets clean
Please keep these keys .
A friend in need is a friend indeed .
A---[ ] -“寂寞嫦娥舒广袖，万里长空却为忠魂舞”
-a--- cat bat fat sat hat pat mat(草席) rat mad dad had lad (少年) sad man ban can fan pan ran tan(晒黑) dam am jam（果酱） Sam ham ram slam map lap nap cap clap slap sap snap gap tap rap(敲门声) sack back pack backpack lack black rack wack （怪人）slack (懒散) hand sand band grand land panda wand（棍棒） and Battle cattle rattle (发出卡塔卡塔的声音)
The black cat ran after a rat .
Ff —[e][f ]
L—[e] [l ] ① 元音或单词末尾读[l ]: all call ball fall hall tall small wall mall (超级大的购物中心); fell sell shell bell well cell smell tell spell yell hell (阎王爷对你说一声hello ,你恐怕就该下地狱了。)
②元音前面读 [l 。]: like late lake
Mm ---[e] [m ] ①元音或单词末尾读[m ]: name same game came fame shame
② 元音或单词末尾读[m 。]: make mate mine
Nn ---[e] [n ]
① 元音或单词末尾读[n ]: pen hen lesson fine
② 元音或单词末尾读[n 。]: no nine not
n ---[ ] –sing king thing sting bring wing swing boring sink pink mink link ink think monk monkey donkey thank tank bank sank rank flank （肋腹、两侧）blank rank prank （恶作剧）
Ss —[e] [s]
Glass class pass grass Last past cast ask
6532—2232 Face ace lace race pace place grace
[e]---bed led fed led get bet set wet pet best pest (害虫) chest jest (笑话) lest (难免)nest rest test vest wrest (摔跤)west zest desk beg peg (晒衣服夹子) leg
pen Ben ten hen men kettle settle
Bend tend （照料）pending（悬而未决的） mend vent (发泄) tent send lend intend
Head dead lead read bread deaf death sweat breath breakfast spread dread tread instead leapt feather
leather weather heather (石楠属植物)health wealth threat thread (线)
East or west ,home is the best .
Let him mend the desk.
He she we me be these Pete
Ii — [aI] Hi ! P74
Bike like hike pike（长矛） rite（宗教仪式） site spite (vent pessonal spite) bite kite cite （引用）excite recite unite quite side slide glide (滑动) hide wide tide ride decide describe mine nine wine fine shine spine (脊骨) dine line pine vine (葡萄树) Nice mice lice dice rice price slice vice（副的） ice advice Tribe jibe (嘲笑) describe inscribe （刻写）life wife knife rife strife （冲突） Time dime lime（石灰） mime(摹拟笑剧) rime (韵脚) crime five dive live (有电)hive (蜂房) arrive rive （撕开）mile tile wipe
Might fight night light slight bright right sigh high
Bind wind kind find behind mind Child mild wild blind remind grind rind (树皮)
Magpie die lie tie vie （争）
Silent night / white lie
If the price is right ,I will buy your rice .
[g] –good girl gig P16
Jj — [d3][eI]
Kk—[k][ei]
去掉共同音[eI] ，就是字母在单词中的发音。
Gg—[d3][i:]
Age wage gage (抵押品)page rage sage cage stage huge homage (效忠) engage damage dge—bridge fridge ridge dodge lodge(租房给某人) hodge (庄稼汉) knowledge
Jane jade job jet jacket
Hh —-[eI][ts]
China cheat chicken chair teach lunch each beach peach reach much
Match catch batch latch （门闩）watch scratch patch (补丁)hatch (孵蛋)
[ts] [d3] (p90) 清辅音：送气增强 声带不振动 ；浊辅音：送气减弱 声带振动 。
Tt—[t][i:]
爆破音：[t ] [d] [k] [g] [p] [b]
1) 失去爆破（不完全爆破） ：发音时，爆破音彼此相遇时，前一个爆破音只摆好姿势（留出发这个音的正常时间）不发音，紧接着发下一个音。
Goodbye sit down blackboard
实际上爆破音和后面的辅音相遇都有失去爆破现象。如：Good morning . This is a good lesson .
2) 清辅音浊化（送气减弱） ：如果[t ] [ [k] [p] 落在清音[s]的后面，
[t ] → [d] → student study still stand stone stood star stop
[k] → [g] → school skate ski sky skin scarf skim
[p] → [b] → spoon sport spin spy speed spot spring spell
有“气”无“声”的音叫“清音”，有声的音叫“浊音”。
印度英语：[t ]--- [d] [p]------ [b] pen –ben
i----[ I ] bit sit wit pit hit fit lit
Bin sin win pin hint
Give her a pill if she is ill .
She filled my dish with fish .
Oo ---[ ] P89
No so hello
O --- coke poke joke nose pose dose close rose prose cosy （暖和舒适的）home dome （圆屋顶 苍穹） Hole whole pole tadpole (蝌蚪) role mole (鼹鼠，痣) vole (田鼠) lone bone cone （锥形物）clone (克隆)throne(宝座) phone postpone stone hope slope （斜坡）cope scope telescope rope envelope old sold fold gold told mold bold hold only photo phone sofa
Oa ---coat boat bloat (肿胀) goat goad (刺棒) toad (癞蛤蟆) moat (壕沟) float gloat (幸灾乐祸)soap coal goal foam coach coax poach（侵入他人地界偷捕.poach for dogs and chickens （偷鸡摸狗）boast coast roast toast
ow--- bowl yellow bellow (牛风)吼叫 fellow mellow (圆润的歌喉) snow show low row bow sow （播种）mow (割草) crow （乌鸦）slow glow blow kowtow borrow sorrow sparrow arrow barrow (手推车) harrow (耙子)marrow (骨髓)narrow window widow pillow willow follow hollow
[D ] -o---box ox fox pox nod God Cod（鳕鱼） plod（沉重缓慢走） mod （现代派的一
份子）dog fog frog log clog （堵塞） hog (猪科动物) lost cost rock mock （嘲笑：学某人的走路）lock block (街道：The bank is two block away .过两条马路就是银行。)flock (一群)clock rob snob Bob mop top hop cop stop shop pop job Bob lob mob (暴民） blot (污渍，如墨水) not lot slot pot dot shot hot spot clot(血凝块) boss toss loss cross across moss (苔藓) cross P45
Tom’s got a lot of dots on his pocket.
Uu--- (开音节) use fuse fume （难闻的烟气） perfume cute cube （立方体） nude tube mute muse （沉思冥想） huge tune dune (沙丘)duke （公爵） duma (杜马) unit mule (骡子) refuse refute amuse accuse(告发) excuse abuse confuse acute contribute (贡献)
Ew –few hew knew mew new pew dew stew
Ue ---argue rescue value
Ww ---[d] [∧ ] [b] [l][j]][u:] P34
u—-[ ∧ ] bun run fun sun gun pun shun bus us sum hut cut nut shut mum bug dug rug hug drug （药物）dub (配音) drub (跺脚) drum stub（树桩）stud (种马) hxub （冲头） rub scrub （用力擦洗）cherub （小天使）
u— [ ∧] luck duck suck buck truck luck yuck butter mutter
o— [ ∧] love glove shove (猛推)（mother brother other bother smother come some money son color month
Qq--- [k] [j][u: ]
Yes yen yellow yet yo-yo yell
[u:] —oo- --moon noon soon spoon choose tool too school
ue—blue glue slue(大量) flue （烟道、渔网）true clue rue （懊悔）
ui—juice suit cruise recruit (征募新兵) crew grew drew screw flew blew
ou ---[u:]—you soup group coupon
[ u ] ------ Foot look book hook took cook
Ou ------ [u] could would should
Rr – [a : ] P34
Ar—art car far tar park shark bark spark cart fart dart（飞镖） scarf snarl (混乱) article Large charge discharge barge （驳船、大型游船） Fast last mast past cast task flask （烧瓶） ask glass class father after
Al---[ a:] ---half calf (牛犊) palm calm
The car was parked in the dark .
Half the class laugh.
Xx—[ e ] [ k ] [ s ]
含有共同音[e ] 的字母：f , x , m, n, s 去掉共同音 [e ] 就是字母在单词中的发音。
Yy—w] [ai] (外“屋”老吴家的“吴”老二一“无”所有，是个窝囊废。)
英语中半元音有两个：[w] [j]
w---[w] water watch wake well
wh—[w] what why when where which white wile
y--[j] –yes yawn yuck yum your year Yale
Zz---[z][i: ] [s ][z]
含有共同音[ i ：] 的字母：b, c , d , g , p, v , t, z 去掉共同音[ i ：] 就是字母b, c , d , g , p, v , t, z 在单词中的发音。
英语字母在单词中的读音是有规律可循的：
1． 单个辅音字母的读音 一般是把字母名称中的元音去掉。有以下四种形式：
（1） 去掉名称音中的共同音[i:] ，如 b [b] c [s] d [d] g[d3] p [p] t [t] v [v] 等；
（2） 去掉名称音前的共同音[e], 如 f [f ] l [l ] m[m ] n[n] s[ s] x [ks] 等 ；
（3） 去掉名称音后的共同音[ei], 如 j [d3] k [k] ;
（4） 写法相同，读音不同，按和辅音字母同形的的音标读音， 如h [h] r [r] w[w] z[z] 等。
（5） 字母与音标同形的有：
b [b] d[d] h[ h] k[k] l [l ] m [m ] n [ n] p [p] r[ r ] t [t ] w [w ] z [z]
[ ] [ ] P67
[ ] -thank three thing thick thin through mouth south
[ ] -this that the those these mother father rather brother feather leather heather breather （呼吸者）
[ ] [3 ]
[ ] -sh-- she shy shit sheep sheet shame shut shun short wash cash lash (鞭打)crash slash （砍）rash dash hash (切细)dish bush push hush brush action conversation
[3 ] -s -treasure pleasure usual vision television decision P77
[tr] [dr]
[tr] -tr --- tree try truck trick track true trip P90
[dr] -dr ---drink drive draw dry drop
[ts ][dz ] [ts ]---ts ---cats coats let’s hats bats P89
[dz ]---ds ---beds heads birds needs feeds
[t ] [d ] [k] [g ] [p] [b ] [f ] [v ][s ] [z ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ts] [d3] [tr] [dr] [ts ][dz ]
英语中的辅音成双成对的辅音有10对， 发清辅音的时候，送气增强，声带不振动；发浊辅音的时候，送气减弱，声带振动。
[ ）: ] -o-short port sport fort fork lord afford
-al-call fall gall (胆囊) hall ball mall wall all small walk talk chalk stalk （balk
-aw -paw saw law haw draw claw (动物的爪) pawn prawn （对虾 lobster 龙虾 shrimp 小虾）dawn lawn hawk （鹰）awful 极坏的
- au-august haunt (鬼出没) daunt (吓人) flaunt (炫耀)audio (听觉的) auction (拍卖) augur (预言家) auto （汽车）
- ough ---fought bought sought daughter
- our --- four your pour mourn course court
-ore - store core more sore shore fore pore（毛孔） core tore bore more lore (知识) wore
- oar （摇橹）roar （怒吼）soar（盘旋） boar（公猪） board hoard （囤积）hoarse （沙哑） Don’t walk on the lawn .
[3; ] [ ]
[3; ] - ir- bird fir skirt shirt firm dirt dirty girl birthday first
ur-purse nurse burn turn hurt church fur surf curl Suburb perturb( 烦扰) disturb (打搅)
ear-earn earnest learn pearl heard earth dearth search research yearn （渴望）
er-her herself herd (牧群) term serve fern ( 蕨菜) nervous mermaid （美人鱼）
or-word world work worm worth worst worse
First come first served.
Her purse is made of fur .
His brother sent a letter to his father .
The doctor said his mother was better .
* 英语中长短元音有四对, 长元音的口型小，短元音的口型大。
[I ] [ i : ]
[u ] [u : ]
[ ] [3: ]
[D ] [ ]
[eI][aI][ ] [au] [ ][ ] [e ]
ow --[au]-cow bow now how owl (猫头鹰)down town gown（睡衣） crown brown brow towel vowel tower cower (打哆嗦) flower shower P89
ou-- [au] ---bounce noun mouth mouse out about house louse rouse grouse (抱怨)out pout spout about shout couch pouch crouch grouch (发脾气) bound found hound sound pound mount wound round around
oy-[ I ] --boy doy(傻) soy（酱油、大豆） toy coy（女孩害羞） joy Roy loyal royal annoy oyster employ enjoy P75
oi ---[oi]---oil coil foil soil toil spoil hoist join coin voice choice void point noisy toilet point
eer --[ I ]---cheer sheer deer sneer（嘲笑）steer (操纵) peer （凝视）beer jeer(嘲笑) seer（预言家） leer （斜睨：表示敌意、会意、嘲弄）queer peer （凝视）veer （转向） P99
ear-[I ]-- beard fear dear hear gear(齿轮、排挡) near rear year tear spear shear
air-[ e ]---air fair hair lair pair chair Blair stair airport P105
are -- [ ]--- bare care dare hare mare 母马）pare （削苹果）rare tare （救荒野豌豆） fare share spare stare scare flare nightmare blare (喇叭)嘟嘟地大声响 warfare welfare
The bears were there .
The mayor asked you to take care .
our --[u ]---tour dour gourmet gourd detour bourse ure -sure
oor-poor moor boor（沼泽）P99
三元音：[air] fire hire tire wire mire expire lion shire (郡) admire spire (塔尖) 尖顶 sire 陛下 desire retire acquire require inquire
Having been fired he is in the mire
[aur ] sour our power tower cower flower shower
[eir]
[Dir]
[our]
qu-[qw] -quick quiet quite quit quiz quench queer quilt quill quote *
l 音标和字母同型 但发音不同：
r -[r] red read roof h-[h] he hello hi have w-[w]
读音标教材。
容易念混淆的音：
fill feel ship sheep pit pet sit set man men send sand let late bed bade mean main read raid
音标总结：
1. 辅音
2. 元音： (20个）
前元音：(4个)
中元音：(3个)
后元音：[a:] [u:] [u][D] [ : ]
双元音：1）开合型 ：（5个）
2）集“中”型 ：（3个）
开音节 ：绝对开音节和相对开音节中的元音读成字母音。相对开音节单词的特点是“元音+辅音+e（不发音） ” , 其中的元音读成字母音，如: cake name game lame tame same take page plate skate make tape staple 。
闭音节 ：闭音节单词末尾以辅音字母结尾，元音的发音都读成音标音。
fun gun bus nut cut cat bit sit cop bet pen
英语和汉语不同，英语是表音文字，它的特点是字面怎么，单词怎么拼写就怎么发音，发音具有规则性，掌握音标和读音规则就可以自然拼读单词。
开音节的口诀：
a--a---[eI] 、e---e—[ i: ] 、i---i—[aI] 、o—o---[ou] 、u—u—[ju:]
闭音节的口诀：
a--a---[ ] 、e---e—[ e ] 、i---i—[I] 、o—o---[ D] 、u—u—[∧]
Fad (狂热) –fade wag(摇摆)—wage lad—lade(装船) fat –fate gat（狭窄通道）—gate bat —bate（减少）cap—cape rat—rate hat—hate Pal—pale plan—plane tap—tape gal（女孩）—gale（大风） gag(塞口物)—gage gap—gape dam—dame Sam—same mad—made cam(凹轮)—came can—cane pan—pane （框格玻璃） at—ate mat—mate stag(雄性动物)—stage rap—rape
Gen(情报)—gene pet—Pete met—mete(给予) set –scene these
Bit—bite lit—lite sit—site fin—fine pin—pine din—dine win—wine spin—spine (脊骨) kit—kite quit—quite spit—spite pip(果籽)pipe Tim—time dim—dime hid—hide rip(撕)—ripe
Cop—cope dot—dote (昏聩) not—note rod—rode
Us—use cub(幼兽)—cube cut—cute hug—huge fuss—fuse tub(浴盆)—tube
英语的“减音”,即失去爆破（不完全爆破） ：
爆破音彼此相遇时，前一个爆破音只摆好姿势，留出发这个音的正常时间不发音。
Goodbye sit down blackboard
英语的连读：在流畅的英语口语中，单词与单词之间会发生连读。两个单词间首尾音素之间的发音自然地拼读在一起，中间不停顿。连读是语流的自然结果。
英语的连读是区别汉语的重要特征。汉语的字词之间“字正腔圆”，相对独立。
1）[t][j]----[ts]: hit you last year what you say
2) [d][j]---[d3] I need you . Did you go to school ?
Would you like a cup of tea?
英语的“增音”：
1) 英音中，在以字母r结尾的单词，r不发音，但与后词的词首元音发生连读时发音，读/r/，如far away。
2) 美音中，无论是连读还是不连读，字母通常都会发音，外加音/r/。
3) 如果前词以/ / / / / /，后词以元音//开始，为了发音的方便，英国英语中或美国英语中会在两个元音之间加上微弱的/r/来连接，如：
idea of it读为/ai’dierevit/.
Earache (耳朵痛)
The area of the room
There is a book on the desk .
There are some books on the desk .
Where are you ?
I can’t bear it .
A pair of shoes
I will take care of it
新目标词汇： about amount away afford accord guild build built guilt
通过熟悉的单词联想记忆新的单词
Have -haven （避难所） brown -frown brother-bother /smother action -auction
listen -glisten (闪光)
dearth(缺乏) earth (地球上缺乏资源) 2) dear 昂贵的，物以稀为贵，所以缺乏。
Paste（面团）Pasta 通心粉 由面团（paste ）构成的。
Scar /scare /scarf
Scar ：被小汽车（car）撞了一下，所以留下了伤疤(scar) 。
scare ：留下了的伤疤(scar )怪吓人的，就变成了scare 。
scarf ：因为有了scar ,所以就每天戴着围巾（scarf）来上班。
Number (数字) 人一喝酒就变得麻木了（numb） ，连数字(number)都记不清了。
Afraid ： 敌人来空袭（air raid ） ， 老百姓的第一反应是afraid 。
Broth ：古时候晋文王重耳落难，介之推将自己大腿上的肉割下来做成肉汤给他充饥，二人的关系真是情同手足（brother）。
money honey champion scopion famous glamous
hobby lobby
hotel motel France dance chance
Magic (有奇异魔力的) tragic （悲惨的）
三、“初级日语会话”是学什么？要求学生掌握什么？
（一）《初级水平的学习目标》
初级日语会话教育的目标是掌握听说的基础技能。具体说，首先记住发音和语调，掌握基础的词汇和短语。然后能理解基本句型和语法。最终达到可以自如使用的目的。
（二）《听说阶段的学习》
1.有关听力阶段的学习分两部分：一是与之相关的音、拍、语音、语调的要素。二是与之相关的语法。在经历语音的认知、音调、音拍的学习之后，从音节—词—句的顺序进行的基础上，理解语法知识。
2.有关说的学习，分前后两个阶段：前半段从和音相关的基础学习开始，逐渐过渡到词汇、句型，使用句型而进行的问答练习。在这里可以对应听的两个学习阶段。在听力阶段练习的基础上：①利用视听教材而进行场面，状态的说明；②叙述事物的梗概；③指导短剧；④寒暄语；⑤日常惯用表达；⑥简单的提问方法；⑦依赖请求的方法，拒绝的方法；⑧简单的电话应对；⑨接待客人的方法等。实际学习中可能多为两三句程度的句子。但为了真正起到实用效果，应该让日语初级者好好掌握。由此，可以找到以上材料里没有记述的三个层面。把以上的目标和学习阶段总结为以下两点：（1）初级会话教育目标是扎实地打好听说基础能力，具体说有以下三个层面：①包含音调、音拍在内的音的认知，发音的正确掌握以及在任何场合都能无误的听懂的阶段。②增加词汇，理解语法，运用句型的阶段。③在学习场所、生活场所能够简单应用。（2）作为语言学教育，日语听说能力的习得，各个语言要素的教育不可缺少，而掌握语言基础知识的时候，正确性是最重要的，可是按照前面的三层次的顺序一一讲授，容易枯燥。所以怎样能把实用场面的应用对话切实地使之掌握，需要花工夫来深入研究。
四、阅读时记录笔记的三种最有效的方法
Before you get started: Filter the book by reading the preface, index, table of contents, and inside jacket. This tells you where the author is going to take you and, importantly, the vocabulary they will use.
在你开始阅读前，通过阅读书的前言，索引，目录以及腰封，筛选书籍。这种方法能让你知道作者的写作目的，更重要的是，作者将使用的语言。
There are three steps to effectively taking notes while reading:
阅读时高效地记笔记，有以下三步：
1.At the end of each chapter write a few bullet points that summarize what you’ve read and make it personal if you can — that is, apply it to something in your life. Also note any unanswered questions. When you’re done the book, put it down for a week.
每读完一章，用自己的语言写下章节的关键点，来总结你读过的内容。这些关键点也是要应用到生活中的。当你读完一本书，把它放上一周。
2.Pick up the book again and go through all your notes. Most of these will be garbage but there will be lots you want to remember. Write the good stuff on the inside cover of the book along with a page number.
把书再拾起来，浏览你的笔记。大多数笔记都是垃圾，但也有你想记住的内容。将好的材料写到书封面的内面，并写下页码。
3.Copy out the excerpts by hand or take a picture of them to pop into Evernote. Tag accordingly.
手抄一些摘录，拍照上传到Evernote，并根据内容贴上相应的标签。
Dear Shane,
Can you tell me how you take notes while reading?
您能告诉我如何在阅读时做笔记吗？
— Jeff
I’ve been asked this question a lot. Everyone wants to know how to read a book. Well, one of the best ways to better filter and connect ideas is to read with pen in hand so you can take notes while reading. This Marginalia — the tiny fragments that come into your head while reading — is a dying but important art that helps you remember what you read.
我经常被问到这个问题，每个人都想知道如何阅读一本书。在那么多好方法中，其中有一个更好的过滤以及联想观点的方法是阅读的时候手里拿着一支笔，以便于你记笔记。这种标注就是你在阅读时，大脑产生的想法。这种标注是一种趋于消失但很重要的艺术，可以帮助你记忆。
Like almost everything in life there is no magical answer that fits everyone. I can speak to the three-step process that works effectively for me on up to 150 books a year. However, you’re going to have to see if that works for you. While this sounds like a bit of trial and error (because it is), it’s the only way to create lasting habit changes, improve your recall, and be able to easily find that passage you’re looking for.
就像生活中的大多数事物一样，没有一个适合所有人的神奇答案。我只能说这种三步走的读书方法对我来说很有效，让我一年可以读150本书。然后，你只有实践了才知道适不适合你。虽然这听起来有点像试错（它就是），但它是唯一能让你创造持续的阅读习惯、改善你回忆、轻松发现原文内容的方法。
Taking Notes While Reading
阅读时记笔记
Step One.
The first thing I do when I pick up a book is read the preface, the table of contents, and the inside jacket. Often, I’ll glance over the index too. This doesn’t take long and often saves me time, as a lot of books do not make it past this filter. Maybe it doesn’t contain the information I’m trying to gain. If it seems crappy, I’ll flip to a few random pages to verify.
我拿起一本书做的第一件事是，阅读书的前言、目录、腰封。我也会看看索引。 这不需要花多少时间，还为我节约时间呢，因为大多数书过不了这样的筛选。它没有我需要的信息。如果经过这样的筛选后，书的内容很差，我随机看上几页来确认。
This filter is a form of systematic skimming. This isn’t my term, Mortimer Adler, a guy who literally wrote the the book on reading, came up with it. Adler says there are four levels of reading. I tend to blend inspectional reading and analytical reading together for most books.
这样的筛选是一种系统的筛选。这不是我发明的，是Mortimer Adler的，它写了关于阅读的书，在书里提出了这个方法。Adler说有四种层面的阅读。对于大多数书来说，我把检索性阅读和分析性阅读混合在一起了。
When I start reading the book, I have an idea what it’s about, the main argument, and some of the terminology involved. I know where the author is going to take me and the broad strokes of how they will bring me along.
当我开始阅读一本书的时候，由于有了筛选，对于作者的观点，一些术语以及书的主要内容，我有了初步的了解。我知道作者写作目的以及大概的了解他如何达到他的目的。
While reading, I take notes. I circle words I need to look up. I star points that I think are critical to the argument. I underline anything that strikes me as interesting. I comment like a mad man in the margins. I try to tease out assumptions, etc.
我一边读一边记笔记。 圈出需要查的词。用星号标出我认为对于论证很关键的地方。在勾起我兴趣的内容下面划线标记。像疯子一样在页边写下评论。我努力理顺作者的假设。
Essentially, I’m trying to engage in a conversation with the author. Maybe my questions will be answered on the next page or in the next chapter. Maybe I’ll need to find another book to answer them. Who knows. But I write them down.
重要的是，我尝试参与到与作者的对话中。或许我的问题在下一页或者下一章就能找到对应的答案。或许我再另一本书里才能找到答案。谁知道呢。但我会把他们写下来。
At the end of each chapter I write a few bullet points that summarize what I’ve just read. When I’m done, I let the book age. I put the book on my desk and I won’t touch it for anywhere from a few days to a week.
在每章的最后，我会列个清单，用来总结我读过的内容。当我结束的时候，就暂时把书放一边了。一周内我是不会再碰它的。
Step two.
When I pick the book up again, I re-read every scribble, underline, and comment I’ve made (assuming I can still read my writing).
当我再捧起书的时候，我会重新读一读我的手抄、划线的内容以及注释（如果我还能认出我的笔记的话。
I’m not the same person I was the first time I read the book, two things have changed: (1) I’ve read the entire book and (2) I’ve had a chance to sleep on what may have seemed earth-shattering at the time but now just seems meh.
同第一次读书时的我比，我已经不一样了。两件事变了：1.我已经读完了甄本书。2.经过消化后，当时很令我震惊的内容现在已经不足为奇了。
If something still strikes my interest, I write a note in the first few pages of the book, in my own words, on the topic. Often this is a summary but increasingly it’s ways to apply the knowledge. I index this to the page number in the book.
如果仍然有东西勾起我的兴趣。我会在书的前面几页，用自己的话写一写笔记。这样虽然是总结但是是在应用知识。我把这些总结和书里对应的页码联系起来。
Sometimes, and this depends on the book, I’ll create a sort of mental summary of the book’s main arguments and gaps. Sometimes I’ll cross-link points with other books.
但有些时候，这也视书而定，有时我会创造将书里的主要观点的总结记在脑子里。有时我也将它们和其他书联系在一起。
Step 3 (optional).
Wait a few days. Then go through the book and copy out excerpts by hand and put them into your repository or common place book. I use these notes to connect and synthesize ideas as I read.
等几天。然后翻阅这本书，用手复制摘录，并把它们放在你的存储库或公共地方的书中。当我阅读的时候，我用这些笔记来连接和合成想法。
To aid recall connect the ideas to something you already have in your mind. Is it a continuation of the idea? Does it replace an idea? Is it the same idea in a difference discipline? I add these connections to my notes and percolate them in my mind. Often I turn out to be mistaken but that’s the process.
为了帮助回忆，把这些想法和你已经在脑子里的东西联系起来。这是这个想法的延续吗？它是否取代了一个想法？在不同的学科中，这是同一个想法吗？我将这些联系添加到我的笔记中，并将它们渗透到我的脑海中。我经常会弄错，但这是一个过程。
Most of the time, you get to see the ideas on Farnam Street. You can see how I connect and contextualize ideas, linking them across disciplines. I find writing about the ideas really helps me develop my understanding.
大多数时候，你可以在Farnam Street看到这些想法。你可以看到我是如何联系和关联思想的，并将它们跨学科联系起来。我发现关于这些想法的写作确实帮助我发展了我的理解。
Even if you don’t share your thoughts with millions of people you can do the same thing with Evernote, which is searchable, easy to use, and free. Personally, I do not use technology as a substitute for the non-technological approach mentioned above but rather as a complement.
即使你不和数以百万计的人分享你的想法，你也可以做同样的事情。埃弗诺特，它是可搜索的，易于使用，而且是免费的。就我个人而言，我不使用技术代替上述非技术方法，而是作为补充。
I rarely listen to books but if you are listening to a book, create a new note for that book and type in notes as you are listening. I know a few people that do not take notes as they are listening because they listen in the car on the way to work. They find that sitting down right away when they get to work and typing up notes is an effective way to improve recall although the notes are less accurate.
我很少听书，但是如果你在听一本书，为那本书创建一个新的笔记，在你听的时候输入笔记。我认识一些人，他们在听的时候不记笔记，因为他们在上班的路上在车里听。他们发现，当他们开始工作的时候，坐下来打字记笔记是提高记忆力的有效方法，尽管这些笔记不太准确。
原文： https://fs.blog/2013/11/taking-notes-while-reading/
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