down怎么记（down怎么记忆这个单词）

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本文目录:

• 1、down 的用法

• 2、down 意思

• 3、与down有关的短语

• 4、怎么记住英语短语，又不混淆。像是：cut off/down/out.....

一、down 的用法

down

[英] [daʊn]

[美] [daʊn]

adv.向下; 在下面; 由强到弱; 由高到低; 由响到轻; 由好到坏; 由强到弱; 写下; 记下; 初付; 付现; 顺水; 成死球

prep.向…的下面; …以来; 持续…时间

adj.向下的; 下行的; 沮丧的; 情绪低落的; 暂时无法使用的; 故障的; 赞同的

v.击倒; 击落; 喝下; 吃下

n.十码进攻; 倒霉事; 不幸事; 挫折; 失败; 不快乐; 沮丧; 丘陵; 唐斯锚地; (Down)唐郡

[例句]

With more orders expected, the company is counting down to a bumper Christmas.

考虑到还会有更多的订单,公司正在为一个“丰收”的圣诞节作好充分准备。

[变形]

过去分词：downed

现在分词：downing

过去式：downed

第三人称单数：downs

复数：downs

二、down 意思

down

来自古英语adune, of dune下山

[daJn]

adv

向下； 由上向下

The sun went down

太阳落了。

The men are down by the river.

人们从河边下来。

倒下；坐下

Sit down, please.

请坐。

向南；在南边

down in London

南下去伦敦

去

Will you walk down to the lake with her?

你跟她走到湖那头去好吗？

（与表示固定的动词连用）…紧；…牢

Stick down the envelope

把信封贴牢。

在纸上写下；记下

to have sth. down

写下某事

付现金

You must pay $10 down.

你必须付10美元现金。

使处于困难或危险之境地

The dog ran down the fox.

狗紧追在狐狸的逅面。

住口；静下来

The speaker was shouted down.

说话人被听众制止住了。

抑制；压制；减少；减缓

The wind died down

风势渐渐弱了。

由较早时间开始；从过去开始

the history of Europe down to 1914

自古代至1914年的欧洲史

prep

向下；沿；循；在…较低处

The tears ran down her face.

泪水顺着她的脸流下。

顺着…；在…下游

to go down the river

顺流而下

adj

倒在地上的；低处的

The moon is down.

月已西沉。

向下的；下行的

低水平的

sales are down

销售额下降

沮丧的；意气消沉的

现付的；首批付款的

down payment

预付定金

完成的；停止的

8 down and 2 to go.

完成八个，剩下两个。

三、与down有关的短语

1.break down 分解（及物或不及物）；打破（及物）；发生故障（不及物）

A better method is to take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind andwaves break it down.比较好的办法是把粪便用船运到很远的海上,那里的风浪会把它分解.[SEFC 3A]

The washing machine seems to have broken down again.洗衣机好象又坏了.[1]

They broke down the door and entered the room.他们破门而入. [1]

2.bring down 降低；使倒下（及物）

Can you try to get them to bring down the price?你能不能尽量叫他们降低价格?[SEFC 1A]

Electricity lines as well as telephone poles were brought down by falling trees orbranches.树或树枝倒落的时候,把电线连同电话线杆一起都撞倒了.[SEFC 2A]

3.burn down 把……烧成平地；烧光（及物或不及物）

The bedclothes catch fire and the whole house may be burnt down.

铺盖着了火,整座房子都可能被烧掉.[SEFC 2A]

4.calm down（使）冷静（及物或不及物）

Calm yourself down before you speak.你冷静下来再说话. [2]

5.climb down 爬下（及物或不及物,无被动语态）

Mr Green does'nt climb down the chimney.格林先生没有从烟囱爬下来.[JEFC 1A]

6.come down 下来；下降（不及物）

He's coming down the ladder, now.他正从梯子上下来.[JEFC 2A]

I wish the meat price will come down.我希望肉的价格会下降. [2]

7.cut down砍倒（及物）；减少（及物或不及物）

The hurricane cut everything down in its path.飓风所经之处一切都被摧毁. [2]

When people cut down on smoking, they often put on weight.当人们减少吸烟量时,常会增加体重. [2]

8.die down平息；枯萎（不及物）

The noise has died down.喧闹声小下来了.[3]

The plants died down after that acid rain.那场酸雨后,植物都枯萎了.[2]

9.get down （使）下来,落下（及物或不及物）

He can't get down.他下不来了.[JEFC 1B]

The baby got me down on the floor to play with him.那孩子让我趴在地上和他玩.[1]

10.get down to 开始认真（做某事）（后接名词、代词或动名词）

As soon as the reports know what to write about, they get down to work.

采访记者们一旦知道他们所要写的新闻,就着手工作. [SEFC 2A]

11.go down 下去；下沉；下跌（不及物）

In the evening, when the sun goes down, the sand is almost red.

傍晚太阳下山时,沙漠几乎是红色的.[JEFC 3B]

Let's go down by the lift.我们乘电梯下去吧. [1]

Shares have gone down again by ten points.股票又下跌了10个百分点. [1]

He will go down in history as a hero.他将作为英雄载入史册. [1]

12.hand down 把……传下来（及物）

Knowledge, customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race.

他们的知识,生活习惯以及所怀念的事情都是由他们的祖先传授下来的.[SEFC 3A]

13.knock down 击倒；拆除（及物）

The child was knocked down by a lorry as he ran across the road.

当这孩子横穿马路时被卡车撞倒了. [1]

The whole block will be knocked down to make room for new buildings.

整个街区将被拆除,以便空出地方建新房子. [1]

14.lay down放下；放弃（及物）

She laid herself down in the long grass and fell fast asleep.她躺在草地上睡熟了.[1]

They declared they would never lay down their arms.他们宣布他们绝不放下武器.[1]

This is a cause for which he is prepared to lay down his life.这是一个他准备为之献出生命的事业. [1]

15.look down on/upon 轻视（及物）

A lot of people still look down on domestic products.许多人仍然看不上国货.[2]

16.pull down 拆毁（及物或不及物）

Is it easier to pull down than to build up?拆毁不是比建造更容易吗? [1]

17.put down 记下；放下；镇压（及物）

Put down the gentleman's address. 记下这位先生的地址. [SEFC 2A]

The rebellion was put dwon by the local police.叛乱被当地警察镇压下去了.[2]

18.run down 跑（流）下来（无被动态）；用完；减少

The car ran down the hill. 汽车驶下小山. [1]

The tears were running down her cheeks.泪水从她两颊流下来. [1]

The clock has run down. 这只钟停了. [2]

The general has decided to run down the air force.将军已经决定削减空军.[2]

19.settle down 定居；静心（不及物）

They are settling down happily to their new life in the country.

他们正愉快地在农村定居下来,过着新生活. [1]

She was so upset by the news that she couldn't settle down.这消息使她心烦意乱, 简直平静不下来. [2]

20.sit down 坐下（不及物）

Sit down and have a cup of tea with me! 请坐下跟我一起喝杯茶.[JEFC 1A]

21.take down取下；记下；拆除（及物）

We must take the curtains down for cleaning next week.下周我们得把窗帘取下清洗.[1]

I'm in the habit of taking down notes whle reading.我有边读边记笔记的习惯.[2]

The famous old bridge was taken down.那著名的古桥被拆除了. [1]

22.tear down 拆毁；撕裂（及物）

In 1858 an area of poor housing, factories and farm buildings was torn down.

1858年拆除了一大片破旧的房屋、工厂和农舍. [SEFC 3B]

23.turn down 关小；调低（及物）

Let me turn the music down. 让我把音乐声关小点.[SEFC 1B]

24.write down 写下,记下来（及物）

I've written it all down on this list.我已经全写在这张单子上.[JEFC 3A]

参考书目： [1] 魏承杰(1993) 《当代英语常用短语用法词典》北京科技版

[2] 林 立(1996) 《英语常用短语动词词典》北京理工版

[3] 编写组(1979) 《英语常用短语动词双解词典》上海译文版

tramp down

踏坏, 踩碎

upside down

adv.颠倒,混乱

choke down

v.硬咽,压制

shower down

像雨点般地落下

talk down

说服 指示

brush down

拍掉或擦掉灰尘

live down

以实际行动洗刷…,设法使人们忘掉…

back down

放弃,撤诉,食言,打退堂鼓

pipe down

压低声音,静下来,停止说话;不再过分自信;吹哨子收工

touch down

v. 底线得分,降落

melt down

熔化,熔毁,销毁;变卖

bow down

鞠躬, 服从

weigh down

比…重,压倒,压弯,压垮,沉重地压在心头

hunt down

穷追…直至捕获,搜寻…直至发现

cast down

v.使沮丧,使下降,推翻

chop down

砍倒,砍断,砍伐

water down

搀水,稀释

crack down

劈啪的一声击下

down feather

绒羽

stamp down

踩倒,蹋倒

shoot down

v.击落,击毙

fight down

镇压,制服,克制,克服

cool down

冷静下来;冷却,变凉

step down

v.走下,逐步减低,辞职,下台

grind down

压迫,压榨

count down

v. 倒数,用倒数方式计算

down payment

分期付款的首次付款

trim down

裁减

mow down

割倒,消灭,摧毁

wolf down

v. 狼吞虎咽地吃

tie down

扎牢,扎紧;束缚,限制

flag down

打旗号,挥旗要求停车

gun down

枪杀,枪毙

sit down

v.坐下,扎营,坐下来商讨,停止,降落

strike down

打倒,击毙;袭击,使病倒

shout down

用喊声压倒,淹没,盖过

rain down

v.大量降下

simmer down

v.被煮浓,被总括起来

stare down

瞪眼使某人低下头,以目光压倒某人

turn thumbs down

反对,贬低,不赞成,不满意…

strip down

脱去,拆开

bed down

v. 铺床睡

bog down

陷入困境,陷于停顿;放慢速度

press down

压, 逼迫

wash down

v.冲洗,咽下,洗清,冲净

wear down

v.磨损,损耗,使疲劳,使厌烦,克服

bolt down

匆忙吃下,狼吞虎咽

load down

降负荷

narrow down

变窄

push down

按

roll down

轧制

round down

不进位舍入

down quark

(粒子)下夸克

down town

(从郊区或郊外高地)进城

kick down

踢倒

tread down

v.踏结实,踩碎,抑制,压迫,蹂躏

slim down

消瘦

clamp down

v.取缔,施加压力

doss down

随便睡下

drag down

把...向下拖,使衰弱

dress down

训斥,狠揍

dressing down

n. 狠狠训斥,揍

drop down

v.卧倒,顺着向下移动

flap down

扔下;垂下

shut down

v.(把窗子等)放下关下,[机](使)机器等关闭,停车

tone down

降低调子,使柔和,缓和

whittle down

v. 削减

hose down

软管放油

letting down

松弛回火,下滑

down easter

美国东部沿海地区造的船

climb down

v.爬下,让步,撤回

hands down

adv.唾手可得地,容易地

jot down

v.草草记下

knuckle down

v.开始认真工作,屈服

nail down

用钉子钉牢,使确定下来,要明确表态,使履行诺言

pare down

削去,修掉,剪掉;削减

peg down

用木桩固定;约束,限制…

pin down

v.使受约束,阻止,压制

play down

贬低,缩小…的重要性,对…轻描淡写

plonk down

放下,使倒下,颓然坐下,沉重地躺下

plump down

放下,使倒下,颓然坐下,沉重地躺下

plunk down

放下,使倒下,颓然坐下,沉重地躺下;付出,支付

pour down

倾盆而下,向下倾注

quiet down

安静下来,平静下来

scale down

按比例缩小,相应地减少

send down

v.使下降,把...向下发送

四、怎么记住英语短语，又不混淆。像是：cut off/down/out.....

放在例句里面记忆，效果要好一些，例如：

cut off 切断，截断；停止：Our water supply has been cut off again. 我们的供水又被切断了。

cut down 把…砍倒：Half of the forest was cut down to make room for the road. 为了给新公路腾出地方，这片树林已经被砍去了一半。

cut out 切去，割去，剪去；删去：The doctor cut out his tonsils. 医生切除了他的扁桃腺。

当然，好多短语都不止一个意思，你可以多看几个例句，仔细分辨；虽然中文意思都差不多，容易混淆，但是你看看英文解释，再看看例句，就应该能够体会出细微的区别。总之，不管是记单词，还是记短语，最好是都放在句子里面记，句子给了单词生命。祝你成功！

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